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The Heartland Institute is an American conservative and libertarian public policy think tank founded in 1984 and based in Chicago. The Institute conducts work on issues including education reform, government spending, taxation, healthcare, education, tobacco policy, global warming, hydraulic fracturing, information technology, and free-market environmentalism. In the 1990s, the Heartland Institute worked with the tobacco company Philip Morris to question or deny the health risks of secondhand smoke and to lobby against smoking bans.〔: "Heartland's activities...reach back into the 1990s when they, too, were working with Philip Morris... Philip Morris also used Heartland to distribute reports that they (Philip Morris) had commissioned... In 1997, Philip Morris paid $50,000 to the Heartland Institute to support its activities."〕 More recently, the Heartland Institute is the primary American supporter of climate change denial.〔 It rejects the scientific consensus that global warming poses a significant danger to the planet and that human activity is driving it, and says that policies to fight it would be damaging to the economy. ==History== The Heartland Institute was founded in 1984 by Chicago investor David H. Padden, who served as the organization's chairman until 1995. Padden had been a director of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., since its founding as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974. Padden was also a former director of Citizens for a Sound Economy, the Acton Institute, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Center for Libertarian Studies.〔〔 At age 26, Joseph L. Bast became Heartland's first employee, and remains Heartland's first and only president and chief executive officer. Bast's wife Diane is Heartland's publications director. In the 1990s, Heartland worked with the tobacco company Philip Morris to question serious cancer risks to secondhand smoke, and to lobby against government public-health regulations.〔 Starting in 2008, Heartland has organized conferences to criticize the scientific opinion of global warming. After the election of U.S. President Barack Obama in November 2008, the Heartland Institute became involved with the Tea Party movement. According to the organization's director of communications, speaking at the sixth International Conference on Climate Change in 2011: "The support of the Tea Party groups across the country has been extremely valuable." Heartland was among the organizers of the September 2009 Tea Party protest march, the Taxpayer March on Washington. In support of the Tea Party movement, Heartland offered free literature and other assistance to Tea Party activists, created a website "www.teapartytoolbox.org", and distributed a free book, ''The Patriot's Toolbox''. Heartland says it has a full-time staff of 29, including editors and senior fellows,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About )〕 as well as 222 unpaid policy advisors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Expert Search )〕 As of 2015, the Heartland Institute's board of directors includes Bast, Chicago real estate property manager Robert Buford, Texas lobbyist Jeff Judson, investment fund manager Brian D. Singer,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Board of Directors )〕 and Dan Hales. Heartland is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charity.〔 It reported revenues of $4.8 million in 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/2013%20Form%20IRS%20990.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Heartland Institute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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